Ovarian Cyst Pregnancy: Symptoms, Risks, and When to See a Doctor

Finding out you have an ovarian cyst during pregnancy can feel scary, especially if it’s your first time hearing the term. But not all ovarian cysts are harmful — in fact, many are completely normal and cause no issues for you or the baby. Some, like functional cysts or a corpus luteum cyst, actually help support pregnancy in the early weeks.

According to the Mayo Clinic, most ovarian cysts found during pregnancy are small, painless, and go away on their own. Still, it’s important to know when a cyst might cause pain, cyst ruptures, or rare problems like ovarian torsion, and when to talk to a healthcare professional.

What Is an Ovarian Cyst Pregnancy?

An ovarian cyst pregnancy happens when a fluid filled sac forms on the ovary during early pregnancy. Most are benign and don’t cause complications.

Some, like corpus luteal cysts, support hormone production until the placenta develops. Others, such as dermoid cysts or pathological cysts, may need monitoring.

According to the Cleveland Clinic, most cysts are found during routine ultrasound and rarely cause symptoms. But in rare cases, they can cause symptoms or require surgery.

These cysts may form during your menstrual cycle or due to an underlying condition like endometriosis or ovulation issues. Always consult a healthcare professional if unsure.

Can Ovarian Cysts Affect Fertility Before Pregnancy?

Some ovarian cysts can affect your ability to get pregnant, depending on their type and size. Most follicular cysts don’t cause harm, but others can interfere with ovulation.

Let’s break it down simply:

• Twisted ovarian dermoid cyst may block blood flow to the ovary.
• Many small cysts are often seen in PCOS, which may lead to infertility.
• A cyst on the outer surface of the ovary can sometimes impact egg release.
• Conditions tied to reproductive age, like endometriosis, may increase risk.

According to WHO, 70% of women with fertility-related conditions like PCOS go undiagnosed.

Always check with a healthcare professional for safe treatment options before trying to conceive.

What Are the Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts in Pregnancy?

Most women with ovarian cysts during pregnancy don’t notice symptoms at all. But sometimes, the body sends little signs that something's going on.

Let’s look at the possible symptoms you might feel:

1. Mild Pelvic Discomfort

This can happen as the uterus grows and presses around the cyst. It may feel like gentle cramping or pressure, especially in the first trimester.

2. Bloating or Fullness in the Abdomen

This sensation is common and often harmless, but can feel more intense if fluid builds up inside the cyst.

3. Sharp or Sudden Pain on One Side

A sharp pain may be a sign of rupture. According to Cleveland Clinic, cyst rupture is rare but can lead to intense discomfort and needs medical care.

4. Pain During Movement or Sex

This could be due to a cyst pressing on the follicle or stretching the outer surface of the ovary.

5. Frequent Urge to Urinate or Trouble Emptying Bladder

This might happen if the cyst is large or located near the bladder and affecting how it empties.

6. Nausea or Vomiting (in Case of Torsion)

If the cyst twists — called ovarian torsion — it may cut off blood supply and cause nausea or severe pain. This is a rare but serious condition.

7. Unusual Spotting or Bleeding

Hormone changes or cyst position may play a role. Be sure to check with a healthcare professional if spotting occurs during pregnancy.

What Are the Risks of Having Ovarian Cysts While Pregnant?

Most cysts during pregnancy are harmless, but a few may lead to issues that need medical care. Understanding the possible risks helps you feel prepared — not panicked.

1. Cyst Ruptures

If a cyst bursts, it can cause sudden pain and internal bleeding. These are rare but need attention if you feel sharp pain and dizziness.

According to the Mayo Clinic, cyst rupture is uncommon during pregnancy, but should be evaluated right away.

2. Ovarian Torsion

Sometimes a cyst twists the ovary, cutting off blood flow. This is called ovarian torsion and can cause severe pain. It may require emergency surgical intervention.

3. Pressure on the Uterus or Bladder

Larger cysts can press on nearby organs. This can make you feel the urge to pee often or cause discomfort as your fetus grows.

4. Pain Leading to Emergency Evaluation

If you’re experiencing continuous or severe pain, don’t wait. A healthcare professional can check using imaging procedures like ultrasound.

5. Rare Risk of Pregnancy Complications

Though rare, complications may occur, especially in the second trimester. But remember, cysts usually resolve without harming you or the baby.

“Most cysts in pregnancy are non-cancerous,” confirms Cleveland Clinic — less than 1% turn out to be cancerous.

When Should You See a Doctor for an Ovarian Cyst Pregnancy?

Most ovarian cysts during pregnancy are harmless. But certain symptoms mean it’s time to speak with your doctor. Paying attention to your body is a big part of caring for your women’s health.

1. Severe or Sudden Abdominal Pain

This can be a sign of a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion. Pain that hits quickly and sharply should never be ignored. Always seek help if it doesn't ease within a short time.

2. Pain with Fever or Vomiting

This combination could mean infection or torsion. In some cases, it can affect how the ovary releases eggs or functions. It’s best to get checked right away.

3. Rapidly Growing Cyst Found on Ultrasound

Cysts over 5 cm or those growing fast may raise concern. Your doctor might monitor it more closely or suggest safe surgical options. Early detection makes a big difference.

4. Signs of Ovarian Torsion

Torsion can block blood supply to the ovary and cause intense pain. It may also lead to nausea or fainting. This is a medical emergency.

5. Bleeding Not Related to Normal Pregnancy

Light spotting may be normal, but bleeding outside the usual pattern should be discussed. Especially if paired with pain or pressure.

6. Difficulty Walking or Standing Straight

This might mean a large cyst is pressing against nearby organs. Discomfort while moving or standing is worth a check. It’s not something to wait on.

7. Cyst Larger Than 5 cm in Size

Size matters when it comes to monitoring. Large cysts may need ongoing scans or even surgery. Meanwhile, maintain regular exercise (as advised) and stay informed.

If symptoms are unclear but you're unsure, trust your instinct and reach out. According to Cleveland Clinic, cyst-related complications in pregnancy are rare, but early support helps prevent them.

Dr. Anshu’s Advice: Don’t Panic If You’re Told You Have an Ovarian Cyst During Pregnancy

Dr. Anshu Agarwal is a seasoned obstetrician and gynecologist with over 18 years of experience, currently serving as the Director of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Medifirst Hospital in Ranchi. She specializes in high-risk pregnancies, laparoscopic surgeries, and fertility treatments, having assisted numerous women in achieving successful pregnancies without the need for IVF. Her patient-centric approach and extensive expertise make her a trusted figure in women's healthcare.

Being informed of an ovarian cyst during pregnancy can be unsettling, but it's important to remember that many such cysts are benign and manageable. Dr. Anshu emphasizes that understanding the nature of the cyst and maintaining regular consultations can alleviate concerns.

• Stay Calm and Informed: Most ovarian cysts detected during pregnancy are functional and resolve on their own without intervention.
• Monitor Symptoms: While many cysts are asymptomatic, it's crucial to report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Address Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to hormonal imbalances, resulting in symptoms such as excessive hair growth. Managing these imbalances is essential for overall well-being during pregnancy.
• Regular Check-Ups: Consistent prenatal visits allow for monitoring of the cyst's size and any potential complications, ensuring timely intervention if necessary.
• Trust Your Healthcare Team: Open communication with your gynecologist can provide reassurance and clarity, helping you navigate your pregnancy with confidence.

Remember, many women with ovarian cysts have healthy pregnancies and deliveries. Staying informed and maintaining regular medical consultations are key to managing your health effectively.

What Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and How Does It Affect Pregnancy?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormone-related condition that affects many women during their reproductive age. It’s one of the most common causes of fertility issues.

What is PCOS?

PCOS causes irregular ovulation and may lead to the formation of many small cysts on the ovaries. Women may also experience weight gain, acne, or excessive hair growth due to high androgen levels.

Is it the same as an ovarian cyst?

No — PCOS is not the same as an ovarian cyst. It’s a broader hormonal imbalance, while cysts can occur for different reasons, even in women without PCOS.

Can women with PCOS get pregnant?

Yes, absolutely. Many women conceive naturally, while others may need treatment options like lifestyle changes or medications that help trigger ovulation. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is key.

According to WHO, over 70% of women with PCOS remain undiagnosed.

What Is a Corpus Luteum Cyst and Is It Normal?

A corpus luteum cyst forms after the ovary releases an egg during your menstrual cycle. It’s actually quite common in early pregnancy and often helps support pregnancy until the placenta takes over.

These cysts are usually benign and go away on their own. You may not even feel them unless they cause symptoms like mild discomfort or bloating.

Most don’t need treatment or monitoring.

Conclusion

If you've been told you have an ovarian cyst during pregnancy, take a deep breath — you're not alone. Most cysts are harmless and go away on their own. The key is staying informed, noticing any changes, and keeping up with your doctor visits. And remember, asking questions doesn’t mean you're worrying too much — it means you're taking care of you and your baby.